It was middle of the nineteenth century. The management of the port of Calcutta in British India was then in the hands of the Marine Department of Provincial Government. At the mouth of Sundarbans, storms and for other reasons sailing ships, steamer, country boat etc often sea wrecked. Fortunate seamens and passengers those who could able to escape from wreck, but often grabbed by tigers of densely populated forest and crocodiles of the narrow salty creek of Sundarban.
Erstwhile Locations of Refuge Houses |
In the year of 1850, a sailing ship called Ariadan sank in the face of the Sundarbans. Then, thinking of the plight of the sailors, Captain T. E. Rogers proposed to the provincial government for erection of some shelter to assist the sea wrecked sailors. As proposed, three shelters were erected on the face of the sea in the Sundarbans. One is on the channel creek (Baratala River), one on the Sabtermukhi river and another on the Jameera or Thakuron river. These shelters are named as Refuge House.
Around the year 1865, the ship started to operate on the Matla River. As a result, the Marine Department proposed to build two more refuge houses, and in December of that year, the provincial government approved the proposal for refuge houses on Belchery and Bangaduni Islands. Another refuge house was erected at Preston Point of Channel Creek, as proposed by the provincial government. The location of these six refuge houses and their names were like below:
Number A is at Preston Point of Creek Channel painted White.
Number 1 is at Pitt's Point on Channel Creek painted Red
Number 2 is at the faces of the Sabtermukhi River painted White.
Number 3 is at the faces of the Jameera or Thakuron River painted Black.
Number 4 is at the Belchery Island painter White.
Number 5 is at the Bangaduni Island painted White.
Calcutta Port Commissioners was constituted on 1870 and by this time port approaches also come into the jurisdiction of Commissioners. Refuge houses as a part of port approaches came into the hands of the Port Commissioner.
Only water and a small amount of food were kept in these refuge houses during the period before 1870. Later, the following items were supplied in each of the refuge house :
The printed instructions to the wrecked sailors was like this
: "Never leave the Refuge House until no help is available. The heart of
young palm tree would be found eatable grows in sufficient numbers. If searched, scurvy grass in and
around house can be found and eatable if cooked. Oyster can be found on the bed of the river
and very nutritious after cooking. You must close the lid of the water
tank when leaving the Refuge House. Always be together because there are enough
tigers. You will signal danger by lighting a fire with the surrounding dry
wood. After each storm, a steamer is sent to visit the Refuge Houses, in case
if you do not have a boat, it is better to stay in the Refuge House as long as
no help is available. If there is an accident in normal weather, send the news
to Mad Point, Saugor Island or Port Canning. ” And so on.
From the very beginning, from their existence, these houses were invariably looted. Though the then Lieutenant Governor of Bengal in his letter no 397 dated January 24, 1867, directed the then Inspector General of Police that the Sub Inspector of 24 Parganas inspect the refuge houses constantly during the cold season and at least once a month during monsoon. However, in 1871 the Government determined to take no measures of protection owing to be it too costly and not worth adopting.
Upto 1869, in eighteen years of their existences, sailors of accidental ships Alma on 1859, P.C. Kinch on 1865 and Jane Jack Mitchell on 1866 used refuge houses. After the Refuge Houses came into the hands of the Port Commissioner, the sailors of the ship, named Mahisur, took shelter in number 3 house in 1882. They later reported that they found nothing in refuge house except eight to ten cans of food, some biscuits and water. Again in 1893, No. 1 house sheltered the crew of French barque Franklin and they did used nine soups of the refuge house, even though they were able to salvage good number of food from the barque. There were even other consignments at the Refuge House, though it was only a month and half after it was replenished . The commissioners had enough questions in their minds about the logic of running these houses. Not only the foods materials were stolen, food were left lying around the Refuge House and found the water tank filled with mud and sand. The Refuge House named A was seen from the inland steamers going into the Duagra river daily and was the first house to be looted. This Refuge House has never been used. In 1887, the Port Commissioner closed this refuge house.
It would have been very pang of disappointment for the poor ship-wreaked seamen and passengers after reaching any of the nearby Refuge House in wet and sore, find there was nothing except the sea on one side, dense jungle with tigers lurking around the house and creeks abounding with crocodiles. By the year 1898, E. W. Petley, the then Deputy Conservator of the Port Commissioner, inspected the Refuge House number 1 and found that a rain pipe fitted to the Refuge House, which was attached to the water tank, was damaged by the robbers. Refuge houses were also damaged. He raised the question that whether these refuge houses need to be run. He said that although the Refuge House 4 and 5 were built for the ships operate in Matla river, they were still being run after the shutdown operation in Matla river. It has not been heard that anyone has used them in the 42 years since it was created. The number 3 house was used at least twice , the number 4 house being located 4 miles east of it. Even if the number 4 house is maintained, there is no justification for maintaining house number 5.
E. W. Petley suggested that there is no need to keep any items other than water tanks in the refuge houses. Reason he said that the goods of the Refuge House would be invariably stolen as usual, and that the sailors would know at least in advance that nothing other than water could be found in those Refuge Houses. Secondly, the Port Commissioner now has enough steamers or can be rented as needed, which can be delivered relief to the nearest Refuge House within a day and a half. The Port Commissioner shut down the Refuge House 1 in 1907 and Refuge House 2, 3 & 4 in 1912 because no one was using them since long.
Estuary of Hooghly R.
Bengali Version:
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āĻĒোāĻ°্āĻ āĻāĻŽিāĻļāĻ¨াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻšাāĻ¤ে āĻāĻ¸াāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ
āĻŦāĻ§ি āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻāĻāĻ¨াāĻ্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻাāĻšাāĻেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŦিāĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ āĻুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻ
āĻ˛্āĻĒ āĻĒাāĻāĻ°ুāĻি āĻ°াāĻা āĻšāĻ¤। āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻāĻুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে āĻ°াāĻা āĻšāĻ¤ āĻাāĻ°āĻি āĻিāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°্āĻ¤ি ā§Ģā§§ āĻিāĻ˛ো āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻুāĻ, āĻ¤িāĻ¨āĻি āĻĒāĻļāĻŽী āĻাāĻŽা, āĻ¤িāĻ¨āĻি āĻĒ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ, āĻ¤িāĻ¨āĻি āĻĻেāĻļি āĻāĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ˛, āĻ¤িāĻ¨ āĻোā§া āĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨āĻাāĻ¸ āĻুāĻ¤া, āĻāĻāĻি āĻ°োāĻĻ āĻুāĻĒি, āĻāĻāĻি āĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻৌāĻো,āĻāĻāĻি āĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ˛āĻ¨্āĻ āĻ¨,āĻāĻ āĻĒাāĻāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻŽোāĻŽāĻŦাāĻ¤ি , āĻĻুāĻ āĻĒাāĻāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻĒেāĻ°েāĻ, āĻāĻāĻি āĻেāĻ¨ি, āĻāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻ¤ুā§ি, āĻāĻāĻি āĻ¤ুāĻ°āĻĒুāĻ¨, āĻāĻāĻŽāĻি āĻĒাāĻĨāĻ° āĻ¸্āĻিāĻ˛ āĻļোāĻ˛া āĻļুāĻˇ্āĻ āĻāĻĄ়āĻুāĻা , āĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻৌāĻো āĻ¤ে āĻĻুāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¸ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ˛াāĻ ,ā§§ā§Ģ āĻĢুāĻেāĻ° āĻাāĻ¨āĻাāĻ¸ āĻšāĻ¸ āĻĒাāĻāĻĒ, āĻāĻ āĻĒাāĻāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻāĻāĻ¨েāĻ° ā§§ā§¨āĻি āĻিāĻ¨ে āĻ¸ুāĻĒ , āĻāĻāĻি āĻুāĻ াāĻ° , ā§Šā§ āĻŽিāĻাāĻ° āĻ˛āĻŽ্āĻŦা āĻĻেā§ āĻāĻ্āĻিāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻ°āĻোāĻ˛ āĻĻā§ি, āĻāĻāĻি āĻোāĻ āĻ¨ৌāĻো , āĻĻুāĻি āĻĻাঁā§, āĻĻুāĻি āĻŦাঁāĻļ , āĻংāĻ°াāĻি āĻĢāĻ°াāĻ¸ি āĻ āĻĻেāĻļীā§ āĻাāĻˇাā§ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ¸āĻš āĻāĻāĻি āĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻৌāĻোāĻ¤ে āĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻĒ , āĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ্āĻে ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻāĻ˛। āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻāĻāĻ¨াāĻ্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻ¨াāĻŦিāĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļāĻি āĻĨাāĻāĻ¤ো āĻāĻ°āĻāĻŽ “ āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻ্āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ¨া āĻোāĻ¨ āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ¸āĻে āĻ¤āĻ¤āĻ্āĻˇāĻŖ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¤েāĻ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ āĻেā§ে āĻ¯াāĻŦেāĻ¨ āĻ¨া, āĻোāĻ āĻ¤াāĻ˛ āĻাāĻেāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ°āĻŽ āĻাāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻাāĻā§া āĻ¯াā§ āĻ¯েāĻা āĻাāĻ°িāĻĒাāĻļে āĻ¯āĻĨেāĻˇ্āĻ āĻ¸ংāĻ্āĻ¯াā§ āĻĒাāĻŦেāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ āĻেā§ে āĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻ
āĻŦāĻļ্āĻ¯āĻ āĻāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ্āĻেāĻ° āĻĸাāĻāĻ¨াāĻা āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ āĻāĻ°ে āĻĻিā§ে āĻ¯াāĻŦেāĻ¨ । āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻĻা āĻāĻāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦেāĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻĨেāĻˇ্āĻ āĻ¸ংāĻ্āĻ¯াā§ āĻŦাāĻ āĻāĻে। āĻāĻļেāĻĒাāĻļেāĻ° āĻļুāĻāĻ¨ো āĻাāĻ āĻĻিā§ে āĻāĻুāĻ¨ āĻ্āĻŦাāĻ˛িā§ে āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ¸ংāĻেāĻ¤ āĻĻেāĻŦেāĻ¨। āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ āĻā§ āĻāĻ্āĻাāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻāĻি āĻ¸্āĻিāĻŽাāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ াāĻ¨ো āĻšā§ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸āĻুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে āĻুāĻ°ে āĻāĻ¸াāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯, āĻ¸েāĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻāĻĒāĻ¨াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻাāĻে āĻ¨ৌāĻো āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻে, āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻ্āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ¨া āĻোāĻ¨ āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ¸āĻে āĻ¤āĻ¤āĻ্āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ে āĻĨাāĻাāĻ āĻাāĻ˛ো । āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻাāĻŦিāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻšাāĻā§াāĻ¤ে āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻāĻāĻ¨া āĻāĻে āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻŽাāĻĄ āĻĒā§েāĻ¨্āĻ, āĻ¸াāĻāĻ° āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦা āĻĒোāĻ°্āĻ āĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨িং āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ াāĻ¨।“ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি ।
ā§§ā§Žā§Ŧā§ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻŦাংāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ˛েāĻĢāĻেāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ āĻāĻāĻ°্āĻ¨āĻ° ā§¨ā§ĒāĻ¸ে āĻাāĻ¨ুā§াāĻ°ী āĻ¤াঁāĻ° ā§Šā§¯ā§ āĻ¨āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻিāĻ িāĻ¤ে āĻ¤ā§āĻাāĻ˛ীāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸্āĻĒেāĻ্āĻāĻ° āĻেāĻ¨েāĻ°াāĻ˛ āĻ
āĻĢ āĻĒুāĻ˛িāĻļ āĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻেāĻ¨ āĻ¯ে ā§¨ā§Ē āĻĒাāĻ°āĻāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻŦ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸্āĻĒেāĻ্āĻāĻ° āĻļীāĻ¤āĻাāĻ˛ে āĻ
āĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°āĻ¤ āĻ āĻŦāĻ°্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ āĻŽাāĻ¸ে āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¸āĻĒেāĻāĻļāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻŦেāĻ¨ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ āĻুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে। āĻ¯াāĻāĻšোāĻ ā§§ā§Žā§ā§§ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ¸āĻ°āĻাāĻ° āĻāĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ¤ুāĻ˛ে āĻ¨িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§āĻŦāĻšুāĻ˛āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ āĻ¯ৌāĻ¤িāĻāĻ¤াāĻšীāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ ।
āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ āĻুāĻ˛ি āĻাāĻ˛ু āĻšāĻŦাāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĨেāĻেāĻ āĻāĻāĻা āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¯া āĻ˛েāĻেāĻ āĻিāĻ˛। āĻ
āĻŦāĻļ্āĻ¯āĻŽ্āĻাāĻŦী āĻাāĻŦে āĻিāĻ¨িāĻ¸āĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ˛ুāĻ āĻšāĻā§া । āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸āĻুāĻ˛ি āĻĒোāĻ°্āĻ āĻāĻŽিāĻļāĻ¨াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻšাāĻ¤ে āĻāĻ¸াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§¨ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে ‘āĻŽāĻšিāĻ¸ুāĻ°’ āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻাāĻšাāĻেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŦিāĻāĻ°া āĻ¤িāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ে āĻāĻļ্āĻ°ā§ āĻ¨েā§, āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ˛িāĻিāĻ¤ āĻাāĻŦে āĻাāĻ¨াā§ āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ āĻĻāĻļāĻি āĻিāĻ¨āĻাāĻ¤ āĻাāĻŦাāĻ°, āĻিāĻু āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻুāĻ āĻ āĻāĻ˛ āĻাā§া āĻāĻ° āĻিāĻুāĻ āĻāĻ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ে āĻিāĻ˛ āĻ¨া। āĻāĻŦাāĻ° ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Š āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ°াāĻ¸ি āĻŦাāĻ°āĻিāĻ āĻাāĻšাāĻ ‘āĻĢ্āĻ°াāĻ্āĻāĻ˛িāĻ¨’ āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻāĻāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻĒā§āĻ˛ো, āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻĄাāĻ্āĻাā§ āĻাāĻ˛ āĻ°āĻāĻŽেāĻ° āĻাāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ে āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻĒেāĻ°েāĻিāĻ˛, āĻ¤āĻŦু āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ¨ā§āĻি āĻ¸ুāĻĒ āĻ¤াঁāĻ°া āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°েāĻিāĻ˛। āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻি āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ে āĻ
āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŽাāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ°āĻুāĻ˛িāĻ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻিāĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ āĻāĻāĻ¨াāĻি āĻāĻে āĻিāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻিāĻ¨িāĻ¸ āĻ°েāĻে āĻāĻ¸াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻāĻ āĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে ।āĻāĻ āĻĻুāĻি āĻāĻāĻ¨া āĻাā§া, āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ āĻুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে āĻŽাāĻ˛āĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻুāĻ°ি āĻ¨িā§ে āĻ
āĻিāĻ¯োāĻ āĻ˛েāĻেāĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ¤ো। āĻাāĻ˛ু āĻ°াāĻāĻ˛েāĻ āĻāĻ āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ āĻুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻ¯ৌāĻ¤িāĻāĻ¤া āĻ¨িā§ে āĻĒোāĻ°্āĻ āĻāĻŽিāĻļāĻ¨াāĻ°āĻ¸ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨েāĻ āĻ¯āĻĨেāĻˇ্āĻ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻিāĻ˛। āĻļুāĻ§ু āĻŽাāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻুāĻ°ি āĻšā§ে āĻ¯াāĻā§া āĻ¨ā§ , āĻিāĻ¨ āĻাāĻ¤ āĻাāĻŦাāĻ° āĻোāĻ˛া āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাā§ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ āĻāĻ° āĻাāĻ°িāĻĒাāĻļে āĻĒā§ে āĻĨাāĻা āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻি āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ āĻšāĻ¤ āĻাāĻŦাāĻ° āĻāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ্āĻে āĻŽাāĻি āĻŦাঁ āĻŦাāĻ˛ি āĻĒাāĻā§া āĻ¯েāĻ¤ । āĻāĻ˛āĻি āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻাāĻŦিāĻ āĻাāĻŦেāĻ āĻĻূāĻˇিāĻ¤ āĻšā§ে āĻĒাāĻ¨ āĻ¯োāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻĨাāĻāĻ¤ো āĻ¨া । āĻĻুā§াāĻ্āĻ°া āĻ¨āĻĻী āĻĻিā§ে āĻ¯াāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻ¨āĻĻী āĻĨেāĻেāĻ “A” āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸āĻিāĻে āĻĻেāĻা āĻ¯েāĻ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻাāĻ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽে āĻ˛ুāĻ āĻšāĻ¤। āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸āĻি āĻāĻāĻ¨ো āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻšā§েāĻে āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ āĻাāĻ¨া āĻ¯াā§ āĻ¨ি। ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§Ē āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻĒোāĻ°্āĻ āĻāĻŽিāĻļāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻāĻ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸āĻিāĻে āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ āĻāĻ°ে āĻĻেāĻ¨।
āĻুāĻŦāĻ āĻĻুāĻঃāĻāĻ¨āĻ āĻšāĻ¤ āĻ¯ে āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻāĻāĻ¨াāĻ্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻাāĻšাāĻেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŦিāĻ āĻ āĻ¯াāĻ¤্āĻ°ীāĻ°া āĻ্āĻ˛াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাā§ āĻাāĻাāĻাāĻি āĻ¯েāĻোāĻ¨ো āĻāĻāĻি āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ āĻĒৌঁāĻে āĻĻেāĻāĻ¤েāĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻাāĻ¨ে āĻিāĻুāĻ āĻ¨েāĻ āĻļুāĻ§ু āĻāĻāĻĻিāĻে āĻ¸āĻŽুāĻĻ্āĻ°, āĻ
āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻে āĻŦাāĻ āĻ āĻ
āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¤ুāĻ¤ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻāĻীāĻ° āĻāĻšীāĻ¨ āĻāĻ্āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻুāĻŽীāĻ°ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ¨োāĻ¨া āĻāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻাāĻ˛ āĻাā§া । ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Ž āĻ¸াāĻ˛ āĻ¨াāĻাāĻĻ āĻ. āĻĄāĻŦ্āĻ˛িāĻ. āĻĒেāĻāĻ˛ে, āĻĒোāĻ°্āĻ āĻāĻŽিāĻļāĻ¨াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻাāĻ˛ীāĻ¨ āĻĄেāĻĒুāĻি āĻāĻ¨āĻাāĻ°āĻেāĻāĻ°, ā§§ āĻ¨ুāĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¸āĻĒেāĻāĻļāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ে āĻĻেāĻেāĻ¨ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻŽাāĻĨাā§ āĻ˛াāĻাāĻ¨ো āĻ°েāĻ¨ āĻĒাāĻāĻĒ āĻ¯েāĻি āĻāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ্āĻেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻĨাāĻে āĻ¸েāĻিāĻ āĻ্āĻˇāĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§েāĻে । āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ āĻ্āĻˇāĻ¤ি āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§েāĻে। āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻāĻ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨āĻ āĻ¤োāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸āĻুāĻ˛োāĻে āĻāĻĻৌ āĻāĻ° āĻাāĻ˛াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻĻāĻ°āĻাāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻিāĻ¨া । āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ āĻŽাāĻ¤āĻ˛া āĻ¨āĻĻীāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ ā§Ē āĻ ā§Ģ āĻ¨āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸āĻĻুāĻিāĻে āĻে āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ো āĻšā§েāĻিāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻŦুāĻ āĻŽাāĻ¤āĻ˛া āĻ¨āĻĻীāĻ¤ে āĻাāĻšাāĻ āĻāĻ˛াāĻāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ āĻšā§ে āĻ¯াāĻŦাāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻ āĻ¸েāĻুāĻ˛োāĻে āĻাāĻ˛াāĻ¨ো āĻšāĻ্āĻে। āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻšāĻā§াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে ā§Ēā§¨ āĻŦāĻāĻ°ে āĻāĻুāĻ˛োāĻে āĻেāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°েāĻে āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ āĻļোāĻ¨া āĻ¯াā§ āĻ¨ি। ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Ž āĻ¸াāĻ˛ āĻ
āĻŦāĻ§ি āĻ¤িāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻšাāĻāĻ¸āĻি āĻ
āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻĻু āĻŦাāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻšā§েāĻিāĻ˛, āĻ¸েāĻিāĻ° ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽাāĻāĻ˛ āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦ āĻĻিāĻে āĻাāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻšাāĻāĻ¸āĻি āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨিāĻ¤ । āĻাāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ āĻিāĻে āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ°াāĻাāĻ āĻšā§, āĻĒাঁāĻ āĻ¨āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ āĻিāĻে āĻ°াāĻাāĻ° āĻোāĻ¨ āĻ¯ৌāĻ¤িāĻāĻ¤া āĻ¨েāĻ।
āĻ. āĻĄāĻŦ্āĻ˛িāĻ. āĻĒেāĻāĻ˛ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻŦ āĻĻিāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ্āĻ¯াংāĻ āĻাā§া āĻ
āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻāĻŽ āĻিāĻ¨িāĻ¸ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸āĻুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে āĻ°াāĻাāĻ° āĻĻāĻ°āĻাāĻ° āĻ¨েāĻ। āĻāĻ° āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻিāĻ¨িāĻ¸āĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ°āĻুāĻ˛ি āĻুāĻ°িāĻ āĻšāĻŦেāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŦিāĻāĻ°াāĻ āĻ
āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻāĻে āĻĨেāĻেāĻ āĻাāĻ¨āĻŦে āĻāĻ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸āĻুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে āĻāĻ˛ āĻাā§া āĻ
āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻিāĻ¨িāĻ¸ āĻĒাāĻā§া āĻ¯াāĻŦে āĻ¨া। āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ¤ীā§āĻ¤ āĻĒোāĻ°্āĻ āĻāĻŽিāĻ¸āĻ¨াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻšাāĻ¤ে āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻĨেāĻˇ্āĻ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻˇ্āĻীāĻŽাāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻŦা āĻĻāĻ°āĻাāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻাā§া āĻāĻ°া āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¯েāĻুāĻ˛ি āĻ¨িā§ে āĻāĻ āĻĻেā§ āĻĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ¤্āĻ°াāĻŖ āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻĒৌঁāĻে āĻĻেā§া āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻĻুāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ে । āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻĻূāĻ° āĻাāĻ¨া āĻ¯াā§, āĻĒোāĻ°্āĻ āĻāĻŽিāĻļāĻ¨াāĻ° ā§§ā§¯ā§Ļā§ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে ā§§ āĻ¨āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸āĻি āĻ ā§§ā§¯ā§§ā§¨ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে ā§¨,ā§Š āĻ ā§Ē āĻ¨āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻ°িāĻĢিāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻāĻ¸ āĻুāĻ˛ি āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ āĻāĻ°ে āĻĻেāĻ¨ āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻšুāĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻāĻুāĻ˛ো āĻāĻ° āĻেāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻিāĻ˛ āĻ¨া ।
Information Source :
- Administrative report of Commissioners for the Improvement for the Port of Calcutta 1882-83 P- 35
- The nautical magazine and naval chronicle for 1856 - a subject connected with maritime affairs Page 334 & 335.
- Documents of 1898 at KoPT Maritime Archives .
Article published in :
Pattan Bharati Magazine 2021-22 of Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port, Kolkata in Hindi Language.
Mohana Magazine in 2021 of Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port, Kolkata in Bengali Language
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